#,Fact,Value,Unit,Geography,Data period,Source,Publisher,URL (opened),Accessed date,Tier,Methodology notes,Limitations,Suggested citation
1,"Minimum SEER2, split-system air conditioners (both capacity classes), base national standard",13.4,SEER2,United States,Manufactured on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,"10 CFR 430.32(c)(5) table, classes (i)(A) and (i)(B)",North floor; Southeast and Southwest add higher floors at installation,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
2,"Minimum SEER2, split-system heat pumps",14.3,SEER2,United States,Manufactured on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.32(c)(5) class (ii),No regional add-on for heat pumps,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
3,"Minimum HSPF2, split-system heat pumps",7.5,HSPF2,United States,Manufactured on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.32(c)(5) class (ii),HSPF2 based on Region IV per 430.32(c),"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
4,"Minimum SEER2, single-package air conditioners",13.4,SEER2,United States,Manufactured on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.32(c)(5) class (iii),Southwest adds 10.6 EER2 at installation,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
5,"Minimum SEER2, single-package heat pumps",13.4,SEER2,United States,Manufactured on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.32(c)(5) class (iv),,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
6,"Minimum HSPF2, single-package heat pumps",6.7,HSPF2,United States,Manufactured on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.32(c)(5) class (iv),,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
7,Small-duct high-velocity systems: minimum SEER2 12 and HSPF2 6.1,12; 6.1,SEER2; HSPF2,United States,Manufactured on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.32(c)(5) class (v),Niche class,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
8,Space-constrained air conditioners 11.7 SEER2; space-constrained heat pumps 11.9 SEER2 and 6.3 HSPF2,11.7; 11.9; 6.3,SEER2; HSPF2,United States,Manufactured on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.32(c)(5) class (vi),Niche class,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
9,"Southeast and Southwest minimum SEER2, split AC with certified cooling capacity under 45,000 Btu/hr",14.3,SEER2,Southeast; Southwest,Installed on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.32(c)(6)(i) class (i)(A),Applies at installation,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
10,"Southeast and Southwest minimum SEER2, split AC 45,000 Btu/hr and up",13.8,SEER2,Southeast; Southwest,Installed on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.32(c)(6)(i) class (i)(B),Applies at installation,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
11,"Southwest minimum EER2, split AC under 45,000 Btu/hr: 11.7 if certified SEER2 is below 15.2; 9.8 if 15.2 or more",11.7; 9.8; 15.2,EER2,Southwest,Installed on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,"10 CFR 430.32(c)(6)(i), footnote dagger; EER2 at 95 F outdoor",,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
12,"Southwest minimum EER2, split AC 45,000 Btu/hr and up: 11.2 if SEER2 below 15.2; 9.8 if 15.2 or more",11.2; 9.8,EER2,Southwest,Installed on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,"10 CFR 430.32(c)(6)(i), double-dagger footnote",,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
13,"Southwest minimum EER2, single-package air conditioners",10.6,EER2,Southwest,Installed on or after 2023-01-01,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.32(c)(6)(i) class (iii),No Southeast add-on for packaged ACs,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
14,"Southeast region: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, DC (plus Puerto Rico and U.S. territories)",17,jurisdictions of 51,Southeast,2023 standard,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,Footnote * to 430.32(c)(6)(i); 16 states plus DC counted,Territories outside the 51-jurisdiction count,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
15,"Southwest region: Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico",4,states,Southwest,2023 standard,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,Footnote ** to 430.32(c)(6)(i),,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
16,"2015 standards: split AC 13 SEER; split HP 14 SEER and 8.2 HSPF; packaged AC 14 SEER; packaged HP 14 SEER and 8.0 HSPF; split AC installed in Southeast or Southwest 14 SEER; Southwest EER 12.2 (under 45,000), 11.7 (45,000+), 11.0 packaged",13; 14; 8.2; 8.0; 12.2; 11.7; 11.0,SEER; HSPF; EER,United States by region,2015-01-01 to 2022-12-31,"10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.32,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.32(c)(1) to (3),Old test procedure (appendix M),"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.32(c), energy conservation standards for central air conditioners and heat pumps (eCFR, up to date as of 2026-10-29)"
17,2006 standards: 13 SEER for split and packaged ACs and heat pumps; heat pumps 7.7 HSPF,13; 7.7,SEER; HSPF,United States,Manufactured on or after 2006-01-23,"Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Furnaces and Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 76 FR 37408",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2011/06/27/2011-14557/energy-conservation-program-energy-conservation-standards-for-residential-furnaces-and-residential,2026-11-02,1,76 FR 37408 Table II.2,Historical,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Furnaces and Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 76 FR 37408"
18,"2023 standards stated on the pre-2023 test basis: split AC 14 SEER national, 15 (under 45,000) and 14.5 (45,000+) in Southeast and Southwest; split HP 15 SEER and 8.8 HSPF; packaged AC 14; packaged HP 14 and 8.0; Southwest EER 12.2/10.2, 11.7/10.2, packaged 11.0; 10.2 EER applies at 16 SEER or more",14; 15; 14.5; 8.8; 8.0; 12.2; 11.7; 10.2; 11.0; 16,SEER; HSPF; EER,United States by region,2023 standard,"Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/01/06/2016-29992/energy-conservation-program-energy-conservation-standards-for-residential-central-air-conditioners,2026-11-02,1,82 FR 1786 Table I-1; regulatory text translated to SEER2/HSPF2/EER2 per appendix M1,DOE pairs hold for these levels only,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786"
19,DOE observed a 15% reduction from HSPF to HSPF2 for split-system and single-package heat pumps,15,percent,United States,2016 analysis,"Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/01/06/2016-29992/energy-conservation-program-energy-conservation-standards-for-residential-central-air-conditioners,2026-11-02,1,"82 FR 1786, section V.C translation discussion","Statement about test change, not product change","U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786"
20,DOE: translations do not assume or reflect any change to product design,0,design changes assumed,United States,2017,"Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/01/06/2016-29992/energy-conservation-program-energy-conservation-standards-for-residential-central-air-conditioners,2026-11-02,1,"82 FR 1786, section V.C",Qualitative statement,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786"
21,2023 standards rule effective 2017-05-08; compliance required 2023-01-01,2023-01-01,date,United States,2017,"Confirmation of effective and compliance dates, 82 FR 24211",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/05/26/2017-10869/energy-conservation-program-energy-conservation-standards-for-residential-central-air-conditioners,2026-11-02,1,82 FR 24211 DATES,,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Confirmation of effective and compliance dates, 82 FR 24211"
22,"Appendix M1 (SEER2, EER2, HSPF2) representations mandatory starting 2023-01-01; rule effective 2017-02-06",2023-01-01,date,United States,2017,"Test Procedures for Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, final rule (appendix M1), 82 FR 1426",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/01/05/2016-30004/energy-conservation-program-test-procedures-for-central-air-conditioners-and-heat-pumps,2026-11-02,1,82 FR 1426 DATES,,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Test Procedures for Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, final rule (appendix M1), 82 FR 1426"
23,2011 direct final rule effective 2011-10-25; compliance for central ACs and heat pumps 2015-01-01,2015-01-01,date,United States,2011,"Confirmation of effective and compliance dates, 76 FR 67037",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2011/10/31/2011-28146/energy-conservation-program-energy-conservation-standards-for-residential-furnaces-and-residential,2026-11-02,1,76 FR 67037 DATES,,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Confirmation of effective and compliance dates, 76 FR 67037"
24,DOE did not seek civil penalties for regional standard violations before 2016-07-01 involving units manufactured before 2015-01-01 (sell-through policy),2016-07-01,date,Southeast; Southwest,2015 to 2016,"Enforcement of Regional Standards for Central Air Conditioners, final rule, 81 FR 45387",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/07/14/2016-16441/energy-conservation-program-enforcement-of-regional-standards-for-central-air-conditioners,2026-11-02,1,"81 FR 45387, p. 45389 to 45390",Policy now expired per DOE page,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Enforcement of Regional Standards for Central Air Conditioners, final rule, 81 FR 45387"
25,"Regional standards enforcement final rule published 2016-07-14, effective 2016-08-15",2016-08-15,date,United States,2016,"Enforcement of Regional Standards for Central Air Conditioners, final rule, 81 FR 45387",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/07/14/2016-16441/energy-conservation-program-enforcement-of-regional-standards-for-central-air-conditioners,2026-11-02,1,81 FR 45387 header,,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Enforcement of Regional Standards for Central Air Conditioners, final rule, 81 FR 45387"
26,Contractors and dealers must keep split AC install records for at least 48 months in 20 named states plus DC (Southwest packaged ACs too),48,months,Southeast; Southwest,In force 2026,"10 CFR 429.142, records retention for regional standards",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-429.142,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 429.142(a)(1),,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 429.142, records retention for regional standards"
27,"Distributors must keep records for at least 54 months from date of sale, beginning 2016-07-01",54,months,United States,In force 2026,"10 CFR 429.142, records retention for regional standards",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-429.142,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 429.142(a)(2),,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 429.142, records retention for regional standards"
28,Manufacturers and private labelers must keep records for at least 60 months,60,months,United States,In force 2026,"10 CFR 429.142, records retention for regional standards",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-429.142,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 429.142(a)(3),,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 429.142, records retention for regional standards"
29,Records must be provided to DOE within 30 calendar days of a request,30,calendar days,United States,In force 2026,"10 CFR 429.144, records request",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-429.144,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 429.144(b),,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 429.144, records request"
30,Maximum civil penalty per knowing violation of 10 CFR 429.102(a),575,US dollars,United States,In force 2026 (last adjusted 89 FR 105406),"10 CFR 429.120, maximum civil penalty",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-429.120,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 429.120,Inflation-adjusted annually,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 429.120, maximum civil penalty"
31,DOE regional standards web page still states penalties of up to $440 per violation,440,US dollars,United States,Page read 2026-11-02,Regional Standards Enforcement,"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel",https://www.energy.gov/gc/regional-standards-enforcement,2026-11-02,1,Text of energy.gov/gc/regional-standards-enforcement,Older figure than 10 CFR 429.120,"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel, Regional Standards Enforcement"
32,Remediation: replace the noncompliant unit at violator's cost; end user cannot be charged,0,cost to end user,United States,In force 2026,"10 CFR 429.154, remediation",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-429.154,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 429.154(a),,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 429.154, remediation"
33,"No Notice of Violation if only 1 noncompliant installation, remediated before notice, with no prior violations",1,instance,United States,In force 2026,"10 CFR 429.146 and 429.148, notice of violation and routine violator",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-429.146,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 429.146(b),,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 429.146 and 429.148, notice of violation and routine violator"
34,Contractor violation: knowingly selling or installing a central AC in violation of a regional standard,1,rule,United States,In force 2026,"10 CFR 429.102, prohibited acts and violations of regional standards",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-429.102,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 429.102(c)(3),,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 429.102, prohibited acts and violations of regional standards"
35,Installation of a central air conditioner means connecting refrigerant lines and/or electrical systems to make it operational,1,definition,United States,In force 2026,"10 CFR 430.2, definitions (installation of a central air conditioner; central air conditioner)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.2,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.2,,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.2, definitions (installation of a central air conditioner; central air conditioner)"
36,"Covered central air conditioners and heat pumps are single-phase, air-cooled and rated below 65,000 Btu per hour","65,000",Btu/h,United States,In force 2026,"10 CFR 430.2, definitions (installation of a central air conditioner; central air conditioner)",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-430.2,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 430.2,Three-phase and larger units are commercial equipment,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 430.2, definitions (installation of a central air conditioner; central air conditioner)"
37,Units presumed installed in a noncompliant region unless installer records show otherwise,1,rule,United States,In force 2026,"10 CFR 429.158, product determined noncompliant with regional standards",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-429.158,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 429.158(c),,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 429.158, product determined noncompliant with regional standards"
38,EPCA allows 1 or 2 additional regional standards for cooling products; regions of contiguous states except Alaska and Hawaii; each state in one region; regional standards apply to products installed on or after the effective date,2,regional standards,United States,Statute,"42 U.S.C. 6295, energy conservation standards (including (o)(6) regional standards)","U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo), United States Code 2024 edition",https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/6295?type=usc&year=mostrecent&link-type=html,2026-11-02,1,42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(6)(B) to (E),,"U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo), United States Code 2024 edition, 42 U.S.C. 6295, energy conservation standards (including (o)(6) regional standards)"
39,A state may incorporate a federal regional standard into codes and may seek enforcement in federal court,1,rule,United States,Statute,"42 U.S.C. 6295, energy conservation standards (including (o)(6) regional standards)","U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo), United States Code 2024 edition",https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/6295?type=usc&year=mostrecent&link-type=html,2026-11-02,1,42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(6)(G)(ii)(IV) and (V),,"U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo), United States Code 2024 edition, 42 U.S.C. 6295, energy conservation standards (including (o)(6) regional standards)"
40,"No state regulation on energy efficiency of a covered product is effective once a federal standard applies, unless waived under 6297(d) or in a qualifying building code under 6297(f)(3)",1,rule,United States,Statute,"42 U.S.C. 6297, effect on other law (Federal preemption)","U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo), United States Code 2024 edition",https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/6297?type=usc&year=mostrecent&link-type=html,2026-11-02,1,"42 U.S.C. 6297(c), (d), (f)",,"U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo), United States Code 2024 edition, 42 U.S.C. 6297, effect on other law (Federal preemption)"
41,Building codes may not require efficiency above the federal standard unless a waiver was granted,1,rule,United States,Statute,"42 U.S.C. 6297, effect on other law (Federal preemption)","U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo), United States Code 2024 edition",https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/6297?type=usc&year=mostrecent&link-type=html,2026-11-02,1,42 U.S.C. 6297(f)(3)(B),,"U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo), United States Code 2024 edition, 42 U.S.C. 6297, effect on other law (Federal preemption)"
42,DOE documents in the Federal Register containing 'waiver of Federal preemption',8,documents,United States,To 2026-11-02,"Federal Register API search: DOE documents containing ""waiver of Federal preemption""",Office of the Federal Register,https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/documents.json?conditions[term]=%22waiver+of+Federal+preemption%22&conditions[agencies][]=energy-department,2026-11-02,1,"API term search, DOE agency filter","Search term match, read titles and abstracts; hits include the 2002 central AC standards rule (67 FR 36368), which grants no waiver","Office of the Federal Register, Federal Register API search: DOE documents containing ""waiver of Federal preemption"""
43,DOE documents in the Federal Register matching 'central air conditioners and heat pumps' (screened by title),296,documents,United States,To 2026-11-02,"Federal Register API search: DOE documents containing ""central air conditioners and heat pumps""",Office of the Federal Register,https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/documents.json?conditions[term]=%22central%20air%20conditioners%20and%20heat%20pumps%22&conditions[agencies][]=energy-department&order=newest,2026-11-02,1,"API term search, DOE agency filter, newest first",Most hits concern other products,"Office of the Federal Register, Federal Register API search: DOE documents containing ""central air conditioners and heat pumps"""
44,DOE waived preemption for state water-use rules on plumbing fixtures (2010),2010-12-22,date,United States,2010,"Waiver of Federal preemption for state water-use rules on showerheads, faucets, water closets and urinals, 75 FR 80289",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2010/12/22/2010-32116/energy-efficiency-program-for-consumer-products-waiver-of-federal-preemption-of-state-regulations,2026-11-02,1,75 FR 80289 abstract,Not an HVAC product,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Waiver of Federal preemption for state water-use rules on showerheads, faucets, water closets and urinals, 75 FR 80289"
45,DOE denied California's petition for exemption from preemption for clothes washers (2006),2006-12-28,date,California,2006,"Denial of California Energy Commission petition for exemption from Federal preemption (clothes washers), 71 FR 78157",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2006/12/28/E6-22270/energy-efficiency-program-for-consumer-products-california-energy-commission-petition-for-exemption,2026-11-02,1,71 FR 78157 abstract,Not an HVAC product,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Denial of California Energy Commission petition for exemption from Federal preemption (clothes washers), 71 FR 78157"
46,DOE regional standards page lists 'Findings of Violation' and 'Findings of Routine Violation' headings with no entries linked,0,entries,United States,Page read 2026-11-02,Regional Standards Enforcement,"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel",https://www.energy.gov/gc/regional-standards-enforcement,2026-11-02,1,Saved HTML; list items carry no links,Absence on page is not proof that no case exists,"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel, Regional Standards Enforcement"
47,DOE current enforcement policies page lists no regional central AC sell-through policy,0,policies,United States,Page read 2026-11-02,Enforcement Policies and Statements,"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel",https://www.energy.gov/gc/enforcement-policies-and-statements,2026-11-02,1,Saved HTML list of policies,,"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel, Enforcement Policies and Statements"
48,DOE Q&A: a contractor may replace only the outdoor unit if the model is certified in a combination that meets the regional standard; homeowner not liable,1,rule,Southeast; Southwest,2018 (pre-2023 levels),Regional Standards Enforcement: Q&As (dated 2018-02-27),"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel",https://www.energy.gov/gc/articles/regional-standards-enforcement-qas,2026-11-02,1,DOE GC Q&A dated 2018-02-27,Written for 13/14 SEER standards,"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel, Regional Standards Enforcement: Q&As (dated 2018-02-27)"
49,"DOE Q&A: heat pump standards are determined by date of manufacture, not date or location of installation",1,rule,United States,2018,Regional Standards Enforcement: Q&As (dated 2018-02-27),"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel",https://www.energy.gov/gc/articles/regional-standards-enforcement-qas,2026-11-02,1,DOE GC Q&A,,"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel, Regional Standards Enforcement: Q&As (dated 2018-02-27)"
50,"January 2025 test procedure rule adopts AHRI 210/240-2024 for appendix M1 and AHRI 1600-2024 for new appendix M2 (SCORE and SHORE), not required until amended standards",2025-01-07,date,United States,2025,"Test Procedure for Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, final rule (appendix M2), 90 FR 1224",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/07/2024-30852/energy-conservation-program-test-procedure-for-central-air-conditioners-and-heat-pumps,2026-11-02,1,90 FR 1224 abstract and DATES,,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Test Procedure for Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, final rule (appendix M2), 90 FR 1224"
51,Effective date of the January 2025 rule delayed to 2025-07-07 (after delays to 2025-03-21 and 2025-05-20),2025-07-07,date,United States,2025,"Further delay of effective date, 90 FR 21389",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/20/2025-09064/energy-conservation-program-test-procedures-for-central-air-conditioners-and-heat-pumps,2026-11-02,1,90 FR 21389 DATES,,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Further delay of effective date, 90 FR 21389"
52,Controls verification procedure enforcement provisions at 10 CFR 429.134(k)(4) delayed one year to 2026-07-07,2026-07-07,date,United States,2025,"One-year delay of controls verification enforcement provisions, 90 FR 43367",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/09/2025-17227/energy-conservation-program-test-procedure-for-central-air-conditioners-and-heat-pumps,2026-11-02,1,90 FR 43367,,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), One-year delay of controls verification enforcement provisions, 90 FR 43367"
53,"eCFR: on and after 2026-07-07, 10 CFR 429.134(k)(4) also applies",2026-07-07,date,United States,In force 2026,"10 CFR 429.134(k), product-specific enforcement provisions for central air conditioners and heat pumps",Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy,https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/section-429.134,2026-11-02,1,10 CFR 429.134(k),,"Office of the Federal Register / U.S. Department of Energy, 10 CFR 429.134(k), product-specific enforcement provisions for central air conditioners and heat pumps"
54,DOE proposed Process Rule update published 2026-07-07; comments closed 2026-08-06,2026-08-06,date,United States,2026,"Proposed update to the Process Rule for new or revised standards, 91 FR 42034",U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register),https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/07/07/2026-13674/energy-conservation-program-procedures-interpretations-and-policies-for-consideration-of-new-or,2026-11-02,1,91 FR 42034,Proposal only,"U.S. Department of Energy (Federal Register), Proposed update to the Process Rule for new or revised standards, 91 FR 42034"
55,ACS 2025 1-year estimates released,2026-10-29,date,United States,2025,ACS data releases page (2025 1-year estimates released 2026-10-29),U.S. Census Bureau,https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/news/data-releases.html,2026-11-02,1,Census data releases page,,"U.S. Census Bureau, ACS data releases page (2025 1-year estimates released 2026-10-29)"
56,"ICC: in the Southeast and Southwest, split ACs made before 2023-01-01 cannot be installed on or after that date unless they meet the new standards; in the North 13.0 SEER units made before 2023-01-01 can still be installed",13.0,SEER,United States,2023,2023 Efficiency Requirements for Air Conditioning Systems: What You Need to Know,"International Code Council, Building Safety Journal",https://www.iccsafe.org/building-safety-journal/bsj-technical/2023-efficiency-requirements-for-air-conditioning-systems-what-you-need-to-know/,2026-11-02,3,Trade journal summary,Tier 3 context only,"International Code Council, Building Safety Journal, 2023 Efficiency Requirements for Air Conditioning Systems: What You Need to Know"
57,"Households (occupied housing units), Alabama; owner-occupied 1468988",2070835,households,Alabama,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
58,"Households (occupied housing units), Alaska; owner-occupied 185494",278920,households,Alaska,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
59,"Households (occupied housing units), Arizona; owner-occupied 2028249",3040935,households,Arizona,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southwest,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
60,"Households (occupied housing units), Arkansas; owner-occupied 858749",1277805,households,Arkansas,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
61,"Households (occupied housing units), California; owner-occupied 7739255",13898622,households,California,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southwest,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
62,"Households (occupied housing units), Colorado; owner-occupied 1621891",2483142,households,Colorado,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
63,"Households (occupied housing units), Connecticut; owner-occupied 970885",1456915,households,Connecticut,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
64,"Households (occupied housing units), Delaware; owner-occupied 315269",422123,households,Delaware,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
65,"Households (occupied housing units), District of Columbia; owner-occupied 126951",333195,households,District of Columbia,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
66,"Households (occupied housing units), Florida; owner-occupied 6345311",9326796,households,Florida,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
67,"Households (occupied housing units), Georgia; owner-occupied 2825592",4269857,households,Georgia,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
68,"Households (occupied housing units), Hawaii; owner-occupied 314269",500883,households,Hawaii,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
69,"Households (occupied housing units), Idaho; owner-occupied 544227",765200,households,Idaho,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
70,"Households (occupied housing units), Illinois; owner-occupied 3478753",5134283,households,Illinois,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
71,"Households (occupied housing units), Indiana; owner-occupied 1998396",2816686,households,Indiana,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
72,"Households (occupied housing units), Iowa; owner-occupied 967728",1355504,households,Iowa,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
73,"Households (occupied housing units), Kansas; owner-occupied 813999",1205638,households,Kansas,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
74,"Households (occupied housing units), Kentucky; owner-occupied 1286890",1885581,households,Kentucky,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
75,"Households (occupied housing units), Louisiana; owner-occupied 1261729",1855847,households,Louisiana,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
76,"Households (occupied housing units), Maine; owner-occupied 459164",620759,households,Maine,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
77,"Households (occupied housing units), Maryland; owner-occupied 1635289",2428843,households,Maryland,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
78,"Households (occupied housing units), Massachusetts; owner-occupied 1774484",2827794,households,Massachusetts,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
79,"Households (occupied housing units), Michigan; owner-occupied 3075243",4150990,households,Michigan,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
80,"Households (occupied housing units), Minnesota; owner-occupied 1723926",2391870,households,Minnesota,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
81,"Households (occupied housing units), Mississippi; owner-occupied 857689",1197317,households,Mississippi,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
82,"Households (occupied housing units), Missouri; owner-occupied 1798959",2604619,households,Missouri,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
83,"Households (occupied housing units), Montana; owner-occupied 334167",481275,households,Montana,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
84,"Households (occupied housing units), Nebraska; owner-occupied 545211",827249,households,Nebraska,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
85,"Households (occupied housing units), Nevada; owner-occupied 761654",1245703,households,Nevada,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southwest,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
86,"Households (occupied housing units), New Hampshire; owner-occupied 412973",574089,households,New Hampshire,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
87,"Households (occupied housing units), New Jersey; owner-occupied 2275717",3565008,households,New Jersey,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
88,"Households (occupied housing units), New Mexico; owner-occupied 602506",863010,households,New Mexico,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southwest,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
89,"Households (occupied housing units), New York; owner-occupied 4247594",7867612,households,New York,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
90,"Households (occupied housing units), North Carolina; owner-occupied 3040120",4539531,households,North Carolina,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
91,"Households (occupied housing units), North Dakota; owner-occupied 217405",352013,households,North Dakota,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
92,"Households (occupied housing units), Ohio; owner-occupied 3343094",4957873,households,Ohio,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
93,"Households (occupied housing units), Oklahoma; owner-occupied 1057933",1616177,households,Oklahoma,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
94,"Households (occupied housing units), Oregon; owner-occupied 1101360",1745361,households,Oregon,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
95,"Households (occupied housing units), Pennsylvania; owner-occupied 3738856",5405581,households,Pennsylvania,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
96,"Households (occupied housing units), Rhode Island; owner-occupied 293926",450467,households,Rhode Island,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
97,"Households (occupied housing units), South Carolina; owner-occupied 1649384",2296350,households,South Carolina,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
98,"Households (occupied housing units), South Dakota; owner-occupied 256889",387580,households,South Dakota,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
99,"Households (occupied housing units), Tennessee; owner-occupied 1998766",2954096,households,Tennessee,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
100,"Households (occupied housing units), Texas; owner-occupied 7273364",11607274,households,Texas,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
101,"Households (occupied housing units), Utah; owner-occupied 829454",1208124,households,Utah,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
102,"Households (occupied housing units), Vermont; owner-occupied 207670",285750,households,Vermont,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
103,"Households (occupied housing units), Virginia; owner-occupied 2362907",3480219,households,Virginia,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region Southeast,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
104,"Households (occupied housing units), Washington; owner-occupied 1997703",3180129,households,Washington,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
105,"Households (occupied housing units), West Virginia; owner-occupied 558933",747801,households,West Virginia,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
106,"Households (occupied housing units), Wisconsin; owner-occupied 1747732",2567583,households,Wisconsin,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
107,"Households (occupied housing units), Wyoming; owner-occupied 179037",256608,households,Wyoming,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,B25003_E001; DOE region North,ACS sampling error; margins in raw file,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
108,"Households (occupied housing units), United States (50 states plus DC)",134063422,households,United States,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,"B25003_E001, geo 0100000US; equals the sum of the 51 state rows",Excludes Puerto Rico,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"
109,"Owner-occupied households, United States (50 states plus DC)",87511734,households,United States,2025,"American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003 (tenure), table-based summary file",U.S. Census Bureau,https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25003.dat,2026-11-02,1,"B25003_E002, geo 0100000US",Excludes Puerto Rico,"U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year, table B25003"