id,name,formula,input_rows,result,unit,limitations
d1,"Employment change, plumbing and HVAC contractors, February 2020 to Aug 2026 (SA)",AE(last) / AE(Feb 2020) - 1,"rows 2, 3",15.1,percent,CES sample estimate; latest month preliminary
d2,"Employment change, all construction, February 2020 to Aug 2026 (SA)",CONS(last) / CONS(Feb 2020) - 1,"rows 6, 7",9.8,percent,Construction includes 238220
d3,"Employment change, total nonfarm, February 2020 to Aug 2026 (SA)",TNF(last) / TNF(Feb 2020) - 1,"rows 8, 9",4.4,percent,Same end month used for all series
d4,Plumbing and HVAC growth multiple over construction growth since February 2020,d1 / d2,"d1, d2",1.54,ratio,Ratio of percentage changes
d5,Plumbing and HVAC growth multiple over total nonfarm growth since February 2020,d1 / d3,"d1, d3",3.43,ratio,Ratio of percentage changes
d6,Plumbing and HVAC share of construction's net job gain since February 2020,(AE last - AE Feb20) / (CONS last - CONS Feb20) x 100,"rows 2, 3, 6, 7",23.6,percent,Both SA
d7,"Plumbing and HVAC share of construction employment, January 1990 (SA)",AE / CONS x 100,"rows 1, 5",10.9,percent,
d8,"Plumbing and HVAC share of construction employment, Aug 2026 (SA)",AE / CONS x 100,"rows 3, 7",16.0,percent,
d9,"Plumbing and HVAC share of construction employment, February 2020 (SA)",AE / CONS x 100,"rows 2, 6",15.3,percent,
d10,"Employment above the July 2007 pre-recession peak, Aug 2026",AE(last) / AE(Jul 2007) - 1,"rows 3, 10",32.9,percent,
d11,Decline from July 2007 peak to June 2010 low,AE(Jun 2010) / AE(Jul 2007) - 1,"rows 10, 11",-21.7,percent,
d12,Months from July 2007 peak until employment exceeded it,count of months,"rows 10, 12",103,months,First month above the peak
d13,Decline from February 2020 to April 2020,AE(Apr 2020) / AE(Feb 2020) - 1,"rows 2, 13",-13.4,percent,
d14,Months from February 2020 until employment was back at or above it,count of months,"rows 2, 14",17,months,
d15,"Average monthly job change, December 2021 to December 2022",(AE Dec22 - AE Dec21) / 12,table t2 source series,3.98,thousand jobs per month,SA
d16,"Average monthly job change, December 2022 to December 2023",(AE Dec23 - AE Dec22) / 12,table t2 source series,3.08,thousand jobs per month,SA
d17,"Average monthly job change, December 2023 to December 2024",(AE Dec24 - AE Dec23) / 12,table t2 source series,2.98,thousand jobs per month,SA
d18,"Average monthly job change, December 2024 to December 2025",(AE Dec25 - AE Dec24) / 12,table t2 source series,0.84,thousand jobs per month,SA
d19,"Average monthly job change, December 2025 to Aug 2026",(AE last - AE Dec25) / 8,"rows 3, 15",2.2,thousand jobs per month,Includes preliminary months
d20,Months since January 2025 that set a new all-time high (SA),count of months where AE > every earlier month,table monthly_1990_2026,12,months,Out of 20 months
d21,"Seasonal swing in 2025, peak month minus low month (NSA)",max(NSA 2025) - min(NSA 2025),"rows 16, 17",41.7,thousand jobs,Not seasonally adjusted
d22,Seasonal swing in 2025 as percent of the low month (NSA),(max - min) / min x 100,"rows 16, 17",3.2,percent,
d23,"Production and nonsupervisory share of employment, Aug 2026",PE / AE x 100,"rows 3, 18",72.8,percent,
d24,"Change in average hourly earnings, production and nonsupervisory, February 2020 to latest",AHE last / AHE Feb20 - 1,"rows 19, 20",38.7,percent,Nominal
d25,"Change in real average hourly earnings (1982-84 dollars), February 2020 to latest",real AHE last / real AHE Feb20 - 1,"rows 21, 22",7.0,percent,BLS-published deflated series
d26,"Plumbing and HVAC hourly earnings premium over all construction, February 2020",AHE phac / AHE cons - 1,"rows 19, 23",4.0,percent,Production and nonsupervisory employees
d27,"Plumbing and HVAC hourly earnings premium over all construction, Aug 2026",AHE phac / AHE cons - 1,"rows 20, 24",7.1,percent,
d28,"QCEW private employment change, NAICS 23822, 2019 to 2025 (US)",E2025 - E2019,"rows 25, 26",179409,jobs,Annual averages
d29,"QCEW private employment change, NAICS 23822, 2019 to 2025 (US, %)",E2025 / E2019 - 1,"rows 25, 26",15.8,percent,
d30,"US plumbing and HVAC jobs per 1,000 residents, 2025",E2025 / POP2025 x 1000,"rows 26, 27",3.85,"jobs per 1,000 residents",50 states plus DC population
d31,"US plumbing and HVAC jobs added 2019 to 2025 per 1,000 residents (SIGNATURE baseline)",(E2025 - E2019) / POP2025 x 1000,"rows 25, 26, 27",0.52,"jobs per 1,000 residents",
d32,"State jobs added 2019 to 2025 per 1,000 residents (SIGNATURE, ranked in table t5)",(E2025_state - E2019_state) / POP2025_state x 1000,state rows in fact sheet,1.87,"jobs per 1,000 residents (top state shown)",2 jurisdictions suppressed in 2019
d33,Texas plus Florida share of the US 2019 to 2025 job gain,(chg TX + chg FL) / chg US x 100,"state rows, row 25, 26",23.3,percent,
d34,"States (of 49 with data) adding more jobs per 1,000 residents than the US rate",count,"d31, d32",33,states,
d35,CES 2025 annual average versus QCEW 2025 private annual average,CES / QCEW - 1,"rows 26, 28",0.13,percent,CES is benchmarked to QCEW
d36,QCEW change March 2025 to March 2026 (US),Mar26 / Mar25 - 1,"rows 29, 30",1.9,percent,Latest quarter; preliminary
d37,"Share of all US HVAC mechanics and installers employed at plumbing and HVAC contractors, May 2025",OEWS 49-9021 in 238220 / 49-9021 all industries x 100,"rows 31, 32",72.6,percent,OEWS excludes self-employed
d38,Employment growth since January 1990 to Aug 2026,AE(last) / AE(Jan 1990) - 1,"rows 1, 3",126.3,percent,
d39,"Employment change 2024 to 2025 (CES annual averages, NSA)",A2025 / A2024 - 1,table t2,1.6,percent,
d40,"Employment change 2023 to 2024 (CES annual averages, NSA)",A2024 / A2023 - 1,table t2,3.1,percent,
d41,"QCEW private employment change, NAICS 23822, 2024 to 2025 (US, %)",E2025 / E2024 - 1,"rows 26, 33",2.2,percent,
d42,"12-month employment change to Aug 2026, plumbing and HVAC (SA)",AE last / AE year ago - 1,"rows 3, 34",1.78,percent,
d43,"12-month employment change to Aug 2026, construction (SA)",CONS last / CONS year ago - 1,rows 7,1.38,percent,
d44,"12-month employment change to Aug 2026, total nonfarm (SA)",TNF last / TNF year ago - 1,rows 9,0.34,percent,
d45,"Plumbing and HVAC share of total nonfarm employment, Aug 2026",AE / TNF x 100,"rows 3, 9",0.84,percent,
d46,Jobs added over 12 months to Aug 2026,AE last - AE year ago,"rows 3, 34",23.4,thousand jobs,
d47,"Jobs lost, July 2007 to June 2010",AE Jun10 - AE Jul07,"rows 10, 11",-218.8,thousand jobs,
d48,"Jobs lost, February to April 2020",AE Apr20 - AE Feb20,"rows 2, 13",-155.4,thousand jobs,
d49,"Jobs added February 2020 to latest (plumbing and HVAC, SA)",AE last - AE Feb20,"rows 2, 3",175.7,thousand jobs,
d50,"Jobs added February 2020 to latest (construction, SA)",CONS last - CONS Feb20,"rows 6, 7",743.0,thousand jobs,
d51,Sum of 2019 to 2025 job changes across the 49 states with 2019 data,sum of state changes,state rows,179094,jobs,Excludes Alaska and DC (suppressed in 2019)
d52,States with lower March 2026 than March 2025 employment (QCEW),count,table t5,12,states,Preliminary quarter
d53,States with lower 2025 than 2024 annual employment (QCEW),count,table t5,8,states,